The challenges faced by contemporary production and consumption patterns are most clearly expressed in the agri-food system, which is responsible for a third of greenhouse gas emissions. Technological advances have led to homogeneous agricultural landscapes and the standardization of animal breeds, which puts the expansion of agriculture at risk. This homogeneity is the basis for the supply of ultra-processed foods, which depend on a few agricultural products, transformed by chemical ingredients, making them attractive to the consumer. Contemporary scientific literature also corroborates the link between ultra-processed foods and the global obesity pandemic. Multilateral cooperation driven by G20 initiatives can help reduce the adverse outcomes of the current agri-food system and improve local, healthy and diverse production. This requires a drastic reorientation of subsidies for agriculture and livestock globally, as well as policies that encourage the diversification of production and diets to promote human health.